观千里“江山”,感知习近平眼中的“人民”******
(近观中国)观千里“江山”,感知习近平眼中的“人民”
中新社北京9月22日电 题:观千里“江山”,感知习近平眼中的“人民”
作者 钟三屏
中央党史和文献研究院法文专家戴维力(Jean DELVIGNE)的手机里,存着北宋王希孟所作《千里江山图》的扫描照片,这是他为了翻译“江山就是人民、人民就是江山”特意下载的。
如何为中国最高领导人习近平多次谈到的这句话找到最精准的翻译?这位外籍专家观中国山岳河流,品读中华文化,感受到“江山”在中国政治词汇中的独特意涵:“江山”是中国人对国家和政权的形象表达,与人合为一体、不可分离,人民是“江山”的核心。
古往今来,跨越语言、肤色和地域,国家与人民的关系始终是一个重要命题。执政者如何认识和感知“人民”,也是一门“世界语”。
“江山就是人民、人民就是江山”,习近平道出了当代中国对“人民”的理解。
以世界背景为参照,更能感知习近平这句话的“中国味道”。
戴维力从西方文化中为它找到了一个对应的表达——拉丁语短语“Vox Populi, Vox Dei”,意思是“人民的声音至高无上”。
在戴维力看来,中国政治家所说的“江山”象征一种天然有机的权力,“天人合一”,“江山”和“人民”融为一体,就像人们日常喝水、用水种地一样“无法分开”。而西方人通常认为人和大自然是分开的,西方的政治、制度和哲学都在讲“分离”,这是中西方最根本的不同。
“如果我们从政治理论来分析‘江山就是人民、人民就是江山’,这句话就像习近平在说‘我们的政治制度和我们的人民不分离’。”戴维力说。
从历史角度看,今日中国执政者对人民的认知,以中华传统文化为“源”,以中国社会土壤为“根”。
中国人千年前就提出“民惟邦本,本固邦宁”“天地之间,莫贵于人”,把人摆在社会和价值体系重要位置。在论述关于国家制度和治理的丰富思想时,习近平多次强调民本观念对执政的借鉴意义。
在继承爱民利民、富民惠民等理念基础上,中共提出“党在任何时候都把群众利益放在第一位”的人民立场,赋予民本新的时代价值。习近平强调,中国共产党“根基在人民、血脉在人民、力量在人民”。
中国共产党探索本国道路的百年史,也是一部“人民观”的践行史。
在中国著名的政治地标北京长安街上,中南海新华门内影壁上的“为人民服务”五个大字,就是百年基因最显性的表达。
习近平指出,“打江山、守江山,守的是人民的心”。在观察家看来,习近平关于“江山”和“人民”关系的阐述,究其本质强调的是“人心向背”这一根本性问题。
放眼世界,“治乱兴衰”的案例屡见不鲜。习近平反复用“塔西佗陷阱”“霸王别姬”“历史周期率”等经验教训告诫全党,“政之所兴在顺民心,政之所废在逆民心”。
戴维力还观察到,中共执政者与西方现代国家的一个区别,是不仅代表人民,还带领人民,“通过说服人民,让人民赞同,带领人民去做伟大的事业”。
从“人民江山论”视角出发,中共把人民看作江山本身、视为建政执政的价值所在,也为跳出历史周期率提供了启迪。
“‘江山就是人民、人民就是江山’,这就像是一句可以雕刻在人民大会堂外观上的话,代表了一个最重要、最基本的原则。”戴维力说。(完)(图片素材来源:新华社、中新社、中新网)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |